Understanding Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
IBD is a long-term condition that causes inflammation in the digestive tract. It includes Crohn’s disease, which can affect any part of the GI tract, and ulcerative colitis, which is limited to the large intestine. There’s also indeterminate colitis, which has traits of both.
What Causes IBD?
The exact cause isn’t clear, but it’s likely a mix of genetics, immune system reactions, and environmental factors. Some key risk factors include:
- Family history – Up to 20% of people with IBD have a relative with the condition.
- Ethnicity – More common in White and Ashkenazi Jewish populations.
- Triggers – Smoking, stress, antibiotics, and certain pain relievers (like ibuprofen) may contribute.
Common Symptoms of IBD
IBD symptoms vary, but flare-ups can bring:
- Abdominal pain & cramps
- Chronic diarrhea (sometimes with blood)
- Urgent need to use the bathroom
- Poor appetite and nausea
For women, symptoms can worsen around menstrual cycles and may impact fertility.
Long-Term Risks
If untreated, IBD can lead to complications like:
- Abscesses (pockets of infection)
- Bowel narrowing (strictures)
- Fistulas (abnormal openings between organs)
- Increased risk of colon cancer
IBD vs. IBS: What’s the Difference?
IBD is an inflammatory disease, while Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) affects gut function but doesn’t cause inflammation. IBS is often linked to food sensitivities and stress, while IBD involves the immune system attacking the digestive tract.
How Is IBD Diagnosed?
Doctors use a mix of:
- Lab tests – Bloodwork and stool samples
- Scoping procedures – Colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, or capsule endoscopy
- Imaging – CT scans, MRIs, or X-rays
Managing IBD
IBD is a lifelong condition, but the right treatment plan can help manage symptoms. This may include medications, diet adjustments, and in some cases, surgery. Regular check-ups and a proactive approach to care can make a big difference in living well with IBD.
If you’re experiencing symptoms, consult a specialist to get the right diagnosis and treatment plan.
