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Colonoscopy: What You Need to Know About Preparation & Risks

A colonoscopy is a medical procedure that allows your doctor to examine the inner lining of your colon (large intestine). During the procedure, a flexible tube with a small camera, called a colonoscope, is gently inserted through the rectum to check for any signs of conditions like colorectal cancer, polyps, or inflammation. This test is key for early detection of issues that can affect your digestive health.According to the American Cancer Society, the most effective way to reduce your risk of colorectal cancer is to get screened routinely, starting at age 45. If you have a family history of polyps or colon cancer, your doctor may recommend earlier screening. Make sure to consult with your physician to determine if you’re eligible for early screening.

What are the Benefits of a Colonoscopy?

A colonoscopy offers several important benefits: 

  • Early Detection: Colonoscopy can detect colon cancer early, which makes it easier to treat and offers a higher chance of recovery. 
  • Polyp Detection and Removal: It can screen for colon cancer and treat colon polyps. Since most colon cancers begin as harmless polyps, removing them during the procedure helps prevent them from turning cancerous.
  • Peace of Mind: A clear colonoscopy result is a strong sign of good digestive health.

What are the Risks of a Colonoscopy?

Though colonoscopies are very safe, like any procedure, there are some risks to be aware of:

  • Bleeding: Rarely, blood in stool may occur, especially if polyps are removed. However, significant bleeding is very uncommon. In rare cases, it may require a blood transfusion or hospitalization.
  • Perforation: There is a small chance of a tear in the colon lining.
  • Discomfort: You may feel bloated or experience mild cramping after the procedure, but these symptoms go away quickly.

Our gastroenterologists will discuss all possible risks with you and ensure your safety throughout the procedure. You must contact your doctor’s office immediately if symptoms arise after the procedure, such as worsening abdominal pain, bleeding, or fever.

Like any other test, a colonoscopy has its limitations. Doctors may occasionally miss abnormalities during the exam. However, this risk is small. That’s why it is important to follow up with your doctor as recommended. Make sure to report any new or ongoing symptoms without delay.

What Should I Expect During a Colonoscopy?

  • Before the Procedure: Your doctor will give you instructions to prepare your bowel, usually by having you take a special laxative the day before. They may also ask you to avoid certain foods.
  • During the Procedure: A mild sedative will be given to help you relax. Then, the doctor will gently insert the colonoscope and view the inside of your colon on a screen. Based on what they find during the exam, the doctor may perform several procedures, such as taking biopsies, removing polyps, or controlling bleeding.
  • After the Procedure: You’ll spend some time in recovery as the sedative wears off. It’s common to feel bloated or gassy, but this will pass soon. Most people can go home the same day and return to normal activities within 24 hours. 

What are the Alternatives to a Colonoscopy?

There are a few alternative screening methods to colonoscopy, though they may not be as thorough:

  • Stool Tests: These can detect hidden blood or abnormal DNA in your stool, which may indicate cancer.
  • Virtual Colonoscopy: Doctors use this non-invasive scan to examine the colon. However, if they find abnormalities, you will still need a traditional colonoscopy.
  • Flexible Sigmoidoscopy: This checks only the lower part of the colon but doesn’t provide as complete a picture as a colonoscopy.

Your doctor at GI Partners of Illinois can help you choose the right screening method based on your health needs.

Forms and Preparation

Before your colonoscopy, you should complete the necessary forms and follow the preparation guidelines to help the procedure go smoothly. Our team will give you detailed instructions on:

  • Bowel preparation steps
  • What to eat and avoid before the procedure
  • Medication guidelines

Why You Might Need a Colonoscopy

A colonoscopy is more than just a routine procedure. It is a powerful procedure for detecting, preventing, and treating digestive health issues. Your doctor may recommend one for several reasons:

  • Investigate Unexplained Symptoms: If you’re experiencing abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, chronic diarrhea, or other intestinal issues, a colonoscopy can help uncover the cause and guide the right treatment.
  • Screen for Colon Cancer: Starting at age 45, regular colonoscopies are a key defense against colon cancer, even if you have no other risk factors. If you have a family history, your doctor may recommend earlier screenings. Therefore, it’s important to talk to your doctor about the right screening plan.
  • Check for Polyps: If you’ve had polyps before, follow-up colonoscopies are essential to catch and remove any new growths.
  • Treat Certain Conditions: A colonoscopy isn’t just for diagnosis. It can also be used for treatment, such as removing obstructions, placing stents, or addressing other colon-related issues.

Your health is worth it. If your doctor has recommended a colonoscopy, consider it a step toward peace of mind and long-term wellness.

FAQs

Most people should have their first colonoscopy at age 45 and then every 10 years, depending on their risk factors and health history. If your risk of colon cancer is elevated or if you are experiencing worrisome symptoms of colon cancer, your GI specialist may recommend undergoing a colonoscopy before reaching that age. 

No, most patients are given a sedative, so you won’t feel any pain. You may feel mild discomfort afterward, such as bloating, but it’s temporary. 

You will need to follow specific dietary and medication guidelines provided by your doctor. 

If polyps are found during the colonoscopy, they will likely be removed and sent for testing. Polyps are common and are often non-cancerous, but removing them helps prevent future issues. 

No, because of the sedative used, you will need someone to drive you home. It’s best to arrange for a friend or family member to assist you. 

During a colonoscopy, a flexible tube with a tiny camera is gently inserted into the rectum to examine the colon. The procedure usually takes about 30-60 minutes, but you should plan for a few hours at the clinic due to prep and recovery time.

Yes, following a clear-liquid diet the day before helps ensure your colon is clean. Additionally, avoiding certain foods beforehand makes it easier for the doctor to get clear images. To guide you through this, your healthcare provider will give you specific instructions on what to eat and drink as part of the preparation.

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