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ERCP 101: What you need to know about risks and benefits

ERCP stands for Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography. This test helps doctors find and treat problems in your bile ducts, pancreas, and gallbladder. During the test, your doctor uses a long, flexible tube called an endoscope with a camera on the end. They guide it through your mouth and into your stomach and small intestine. Then, they use X-rays and a special dye to look closely at the bile and pancreatic ducts.While doing this, your doctor can also remove stones and place a small tube (called a stent) to keep the duct open. Additionally, they can also take a tissue sample for testing.

What are the Benefits of ERCP?

  • Less Invasive Than Surgery

  • ERCP is not like open surgery. It’s a simpler and safer option for diagnosing and treating pancreatic issues with less pain and faster recovery.

  • Quick Diagnosis and Treatment

  • Doctors can often find the problem and treat it right away during the same procedure, for example, by removing a stone or placing a stent.

  • Helps with Complex Issues

  • ERCP works well for problems that other tests might miss. It’s especially helpful for hard-to-reach areas in the bile and pancreatic ducts.
Person clutching stomach with visible digestive tract illustration highlighting pain around the pancreas, which requires ERCP.
Illustration of severe digestive discomfort, often caused by bile duct or pancreatic problems that may require ERCP.

What are the Risks of ERCP?

While ERCP is generally safe, like any medical procedure, it does carry some risks: 

  • Pancreatitis: Some people may get inflammation in the pancreas. This is usually mild and treatable.
  • Infection: There’s a small chance of infection in the ducts.
  • Bleeding or Tearing: Rarely, the scope may cause bleeding or a small tear in the digestive tract.

What Should I Expect During an ERCP?

Before the Procedure

  • Fasting: You’ll need to avoid eating or drinking for at least 8 hours before.
  • Medications: Your doctor might ask you to stop certain medications, like blood thinners.
  • Medical History: Tell your doctor about your health history, allergies, and any medications you take.
  • Arrange a Ride: Since you’ll be sedated, you won’t be able to drive home. Make sure someone can take you home.

During the Procedure

  • Sedation: You’ll get medicine to relax and stay comfortable.
  • Scope Insertion: The doctor will gently guide the endoscope through your mouth into the small intestine.
  • Dye and X-rays: A dye is injected to help the ducts show up clearly on X-rays.
  • Treatment: If needed, the doctor can remove stones, place a stent, or take a small tissue sample.

After the Procedure

  • Recovery Time: You’ll rest in a recovery area until the sedation wears off.
  • Common Side Effects: You may feel bloated, have a sore throat, or feel a little nauseated for a short time.
  • Go Home the Same Day: Most people go home the same day, but should rest.
  • Avoid Driving: Don’t drive for at least 24 hours after the procedure.
  • Watch for Symptoms: Call your doctor if you have bad stomach pain, fever, or blood in your stool.

What are the Alternatives to an ERCP?

Sometimes, your doctor may suggest other options:

Why Choose GI Partners of Illinois?

At GI Partners of Illinois, we provide expert care using the latest tools and technology. Here’s why patients trust us:

  • Experienced Doctors: Our team of board-certified gastroenterologists has performed many ERCPs and other advanced procedures.
  • Patient-Focused Care: We listen to you, answer your questions, and keep you informed throughout the process.
  • Modern Technology: We use advanced imaging and tools to give you the best possible care.

Forms and Preparation

Before your ERCP procedure, we will provide you with all the necessary forms and instructions: 

  • What foods and drinks should you avoid
  • Medication guidelines
  • Transportation

FAQs

Most people can get back to their normal routine the day after the procedure. However, if your doctor placed a stent or removed a stone, you might need a few extra days to fully recover.

No, you won’t feel pain during the procedure because you’ll be given medicine to help you relax and stay comfortable. Afterward, you might feel a little bloated or have mild discomfort, but this usually goes away within a day or two.

Yes, sometimes a second ERCP is needed. This might happen if a stent needs to be changed or if your doctor needs to do more treatment later.

In most cases, yes. Many insurance plans cover ERCP. However, it’s best to check with your insurance company first to be sure.

To prepare, you’ll usually need to stop eating or drinking for 6 to 8 hours before the procedure. Your doctor may also ask you to stop or change some medications. They’ll give you clear instructions so everything goes smoothly.

During ERCP, you’ll get medicine to make you feel sleepy and relaxed. You may not remember much of it. After the procedure, you might have a sore throat or feel a bit bloated. Most people can go home the same day, but you’ll need someone to drive you.

ERCP is generally safe, but there are some possible risks, like inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), infection, bleeding, or a reaction to the sedation. Your doctor will talk with you about these risks and watch you closely to keep you safe.

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