Hepatitis C is an infection caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which attacks the liver and causes inflammation. The infection can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term), and many individuals with chronic hepatitis C may not experience symptoms until significant liver damage has occurred.
Hepatitis C is a significant global health issue. It is estimated that around 71 million people worldwide are living with chronic hepatitis C. The prevalence varies by region, with higher rates often found in areas with limited access to healthcare and blood screening.
Diagnosis involves blood tests to detect the presence of the Hepatitis C virus and determine its genotype. Additional tests, such as liver function tests and liver biopsy or imaging, may be conducted to assess liver damage.
Treatment typically involves antiviral medications known as direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), which can effectively clear the virus from the body. The specific treatment regimen depends on the genotype of the virus and the extent of liver damage.
Prevention strategies include avoiding sharing needles or other drug paraphernalia, practicing safe sexual intercourse, and ensuring that any blood products or medical equipment are properly screened and sterilized. There is currently no vaccine for Hepatitis C.
You should see a doctor if you are at risk for Hepatitis C, have symptoms of the disease, or have received a positive test result. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is necessary to manage the infection and monitor liver health.
Potential complications include chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and liver failure. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent these complications and maintain overall liver health.
Risk factors for Hepatitis C include a history of intravenous drug use, receiving a blood transfusion or organ transplant before 1992, exposure to infected blood (through needle sticks or unsterile medical equipment), being on long-term dialysis, and having HIV. These factors increase the risk of contracting the Hepatitis C virus, which primarily spreads through blood-to-blood contact.
Yes, Hepatitis C is often called a “silent” infection because many people don’t experience noticeable symptoms until liver damage has already occurred. Routine screenings or a blood test are the best ways to detect it early—especially if you’ve ever been exposed to risk factors, like certain medical procedures or contact with infected blood.
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