Gallbladder Disease 101: Top Causes & How To Treat It

Gallbladder disease affects how bile moves from your liver to your small intestine. Bile is a fluid that helps break down fats. When there’s a blockage in the bile ducts, bile can’t flow properly. As a result, it can cause pain, infections, and other stomach problems. One common type of blockage is called biliary obstruction. Often, it can happen due to gallstones, swelling, or tumors. If not treated, this condition can lead to serious health problems.

What is Biliary Obstruction?

Biliary obstruction happens when something blocks the bile ducts. These ducts carry bile from your liver to your small intestine. When they are blocked, bile builds up in the liver. Due to this, it can cause symptoms like yellow skin (jaundice), dark urine, and pale stools. As a result, it can also lead to problems with digesting fat and getting nutrients from food.

Types of Gallbladder Disease

  • Gallstones (Cholelithiasis)These are hard lumps that form in the gallbladder. Due to this, they can block the ducts and cause pain or infection.
  • Cholecystitis: This is when the gallbladder becomes swollen. Often, it happens due to gallstones.
  • Choledocholithiasis: This means there are gallstones in the main bile duct. As a result, it can lead to obstruction and infection.
  • Biliary Stricture: This is a narrowing of the bile duct. Usually, it happens due to scarring or past surgery.
  • Biliary Atresia: A rare condition present at birth. As a result, the bile ducts are missing or damaged.

How Common is Gallbladder Disease?

Gallbladder disease is very common, especially in people over the age of 40. However, it is more common in women than in men. Gallstones are the top reason for biliary obstruction.

Elderly patient lying in hospital bed with severe abdominal pain, possibly due to gallbladder disease
Severe abdominal pain can be a sign of gallbladder disease or biliary obstruction.

Common Symptoms of Gallbladder Disease

Common Causes of Gallbladder Disease

  • Gallstones: These are solid particles that block the bile ducts. As a result, it leads to biliary obstruction and inflammation.
  • Tumors: Tumors in the gallbladder or bile ducts can obstruct bile flow and cause symptoms.
  • Inflammation: Inflammation of the bile ducts or gallbladder often due to infection or other conditions.
  • Biliary Strictures: Scarring or narrowing of the bile ducts due to previous surgeries or diseases.
  • Congenital Conditions: Conditions like biliary atresia, which are present at birth and cause bile duct obstruction.

FAQs

Doctors use imaging tests like ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. Additionally, blood tests and endoscopy may also help.

You might get medicine to dissolve stones. Additionally, an endoscopy can help remove blockages. Moreover, if you have other symptoms, surgery can help fix the problem.

You can lower your risk by eating well, staying active, and maintaining a healthy weight. Additionally, regular check-ups can help detect and address issues early.

It can lead to infections, liver damage, and pancreatitis. If it is not managed and treated, long-term problems can occur.

No, surgery is not always necessary. If symptoms are mild, other treatments may help. However, if you have repeated or serious problems, surgery may be the best choice.

It usually comes as jaundice with clay-colored stools and dark urine. Additionally, other symptoms include upper abdominal pain, fever, nausea, itchy skin, loss of appetite, weight loss, and fatigue.

You’re at higher risk if you have gallstones, cancer, pancreatitis, or surgery in the abdominal area.

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