H. pylori is a spiral-shaped bacterium that lives in the stomach lining. It can cause inflammation (chronic gastritis) and is a major factor in the development of peptic ulcers. In some cases, it may also be associated with gastric cancer. The infection is often acquired in childhood and can persist for years if left untreated.
H. pylori infection is very common worldwide, with an estimated 50% of the global population being infected. It is more prevalent in developing countries and individuals with lower socioeconomic status. In the United States, H. pylori is more common in older adults, African Americans, and Hispanics.
Diagnosis is typically made using non-invasive tests such as breath tests, stool tests, or blood tests to detect the presence of H. pylori antibodies. Endoscopy with biopsy may also be used for a definitive diagnosis.
Treatment usually involves a combination of antibiotics to kill the bacteria and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or other acid-reducing medications to heal the stomach lining. The specific regimen is tailored to the individual and may last for 10 to 14 days.
Preventive measures include practicing good hygiene, such as frequent hand washing, consuming clean food and water, and avoiding sharing eating utensils with infected individuals. Ensuring good sanitation in food preparation can also help reduce the risk.
You should consult a doctor if you experience symptoms such as persistent abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting, especially if accompanied by black or tarry stools. If you have been diagnosed with H. pylori and symptoms persist despite treatment, follow-up with a healthcare provider is necessary.
Potential complications include the development of peptic ulcers, chronic gastritis, and, in rare cases, an increased risk of gastric cancer. Proper treatment and follow-ups are essential to manage and prevent these complications.
Most people with H. pylori infection don’t have symptoms. Only about 20% do. Symptoms and signs, if present, are those that arise from gastritis or peptic ulcer and include burning pain in the stomach, Unplanned weight loss, bloating, nausea, indigestion, loss of appetite, and dark stools.
It’s not just in your head! H. pylori can cause symptoms like nausea, a metallic taste, or even a dulling of taste sensations due to its impact on your digestive system. Once treated, many people find their appetite and taste buds return to normal, making food enjoyable again.
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